TeamCity CVE-2026-63077 confirmed exploited: the same CI/CD flaw North Korea and Russia have targeted before, federal deadline August 8      OVSwrap CVE-2026-64531: 13-year-old Linux kernel flaw gives any local user root across 800 kernel builds, public exploit now available      DeepSeek as autonomous attacker: Chinese actor used AI agent framework to run adaptive hacking campaign against web infrastructure      TeamCity CVE-2026-63077 confirmed exploited: the same CI/CD flaw North Korea and Russia have targeted before, federal deadline August 8      OVSwrap CVE-2026-64531: 13-year-old Linux kernel flaw gives any local user root across 800 kernel builds, public exploit now available      DeepSeek as autonomous attacker: Chinese actor used AI agent framework to run adaptive hacking campaign against web infrastructure     
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Intelligence without the noise
Issue No. 102
August 6, 2026
3 items · past 24h
<5 min read
Today's picture

CISA confirmed yesterday that TeamCity CVE-2026-63077 is being actively exploited, nine days after JetBrains patched it and one week after this brief flagged it as urgent in Issue 95. Prior TeamCity critical flaws brought North Korean and Russian state actors into CI/CD pipelines within days of disclosure; the same pattern is repeating, and Censys counted roughly 4,500 internet-exposed instances still unpatched. Security researcher Asim Manizada disclosed OVSwrap, CVE-2026-64531, a 13-year-old integer wraparound in the Linux kernel's Open vSwitch datapath that lets any unprivileged local user reach root on a broad set of default-configured distributions, with a public exploit carrying pre-built records for around 800 kernel builds. And researchers documented a Chinese-speaking threat actor using DeepSeek, operating through the Hermes Agent framework, to run an autonomous hacking campaign that pivoted between attack techniques in real time when initial exploitation paths failed.

Today's intelligence
3 items
01 CriticalTeamCityCISA KEV
TeamCity CVE-2026-63077 is confirmed exploited, following the same pattern that brought North Korean and Russian actors into prior TeamCity breaches
CISA added it to KEV on August 5 with a three-day federal deadline. Censys found roughly 4,500 internet-exposed TeamCity instances still unpatched. Prior critical TeamCity CVEs were used by state-sponsored groups within days of disclosure. The security patch plugin from Issue 95 bridges the gap for organizations that cannot immediately upgrade.
CVECVE-2026-63077
CVSS 9.8
KEV addedAugust 5, 2026
Fed deadlineAugust 8, 2026
Exposed instances~4,500 internet-
facing (Censys)
Fixed in2025.11.7
2026.1.3
CISA added CVE-2026-63077 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on August 5 and set a federal remediation deadline of August 8, confirming active exploitation nine days after JetBrains disclosed the flaw on July 28. CVE-2026-63077 is a deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability in TeamCity's agent polling protocol, the channel build agents use to request job assignments from the central server. An unauthenticated attacker with HTTP or HTTPS access to a TeamCity server can send a crafted payload to that endpoint, bypass authentication entirely, and execute arbitrary commands as the TeamCity server process. Every historical TeamCity On-Premises release is affected. Fixed versions are 2025.11.7 and 2026.1.3. JetBrains also provides a security patch plugin compatible with 2017.1 and later that addresses this CVE without a full version upgrade. Censys identified approximately 4,500 internet-accessible TeamCity web properties shortly after disclosure, a meaningful number given the prior exploitation history. Neither CISA nor JetBrains has published specific attribution for the current exploitation activity. The historical comparison is not reassuring: CVE-2023-42793, a critical authentication bypass in TeamCity, was exploited by North Korea's Diamond Sleet and Onyx Sleet within weeks of public disclosure and separately by Russia's SVR, with post-exploitation activity including malware deployment, credential dumping, and scheduled-task persistence. CVE-2024-27198 was added to CISA KEV only days after public disclosure. CVE-2026-63077 now follows that same trajectory, one week after this brief covered it as urgent in Issue 95 with no exploitation confirmed at that time.
A TeamCity server at the center of a software build workflow holds source code repository credentials, cloud provider keys, signing certificates, deployment secrets, and build configurations covering every downstream system the organization ships software to. An attacker who executes code as the TeamCity server process has access to all of it and can modify build artifacts or inject malicious code into the pipeline without altering source repositories, making the compromise hard to detect through standard code review processes. CISA's KEV entry specifically flags supply-chain-style downstream risk as a consequence of successful exploitation.
TeamCity has been a documented nation-state target since at least October 2023. The combination of centralized credential access, software pipeline control, and internet-facing exposure makes it a high-priority target for any actor conducting software supply chain operations. The prior North Korean exploitation pattern included creating new administrator accounts and deploying malware that persisted after the initial authentication bypass was patched. Organizations that patch CVE-2026-63077 but do not audit administrator account activity and build configuration changes since the flaw was disclosed on July 28 are closing the door without confirming whether anyone got through it first.
  • Upgrade to TeamCity 2025.11.7 or 2026.1.3 immediately. If immediate upgrade is not possible, install the security patch plugin for 2017.1 and later as a bridge measure. The plugin addresses CVE-2026-63077 specifically but does not include other security improvements in the full release.
  • Audit TeamCity administrator account activity since July 28 for any accounts created by unexpected processes or from unexpected IP addresses. Prior North Korean exploitation of CVE-2023-42793 included creating new admin accounts as a persistence mechanism that survived remediation.
  • Review build configuration history for unexpected modifications and audit any build artifacts produced since July 28 for unexpected dependencies or changes to signing and deployment configurations. A supply chain compromise through TeamCity may leave no trace in source code repositories.
This brief called it urgent in Issue 95, one week ago, with no exploitation confirmed. CISA confirmed exploitation on August 5. The federal deadline is Saturday. Prior TeamCity breaches gave North Korean actors persistent access to software pipelines that survived the initial patch. Upgrade this week and check what changed since July 28.
02 HighOVSwrapLinux Kernel
OVSwrap: a 13-year-old Linux kernel flaw gives any unprivileged local user root on a wide range of default-configured distributions
The bug is in the Open vSwitch datapath in the kernel itself, not in any userspace package. An ordinary local account on an affected system can reach root with no sudo, no capabilities, and nothing an administrator needs to do first. A public exploit ships with pre-built records for roughly 800 kernel builds.
CVECVE-2026-64531
CVSS 7.8
NicknameOVSwrap
DisclosedJuly 28, 2026
Asim Manizada
Upstream fixJuly 24, 2026
(before disclosure)
AffectedRHEL/AlmaLinux
Debian, Ubuntu
and derivatives
Security researcher Asim Manizada published the full write-up and proof of concept for CVE-2026-64531 on the oss-security mailing list on July 28, 2026, following a coordinated disclosure process that began on June 19. The upstream kernel fix had already landed in stable branches on July 24, four days before the public disclosure. The flaw is an integer wraparound in the Open vSwitch kernel module's handling of internally generated Netlink action streams. Open vSwitch accepts a list of network actions from userspace and rewrites them into an internal format stored as Netlink attributes. The length field for each nested attribute is 16 bits wide, capping it at 65,535 bytes. When the total internal action stream grows past 64 KB across multiple nested levels, the length counter wraps around. The resulting write lands in memory past the allocated buffer, overwriting adjacent kernel structures with attacker-controlled content. The corruption is deterministic rather than probabilistic, giving the exploit a reliable primitive rather than a race. On systems where unprivileged user namespaces are enabled, an ordinary local account can create a private user and network namespace, obtain administrative capabilities inside that namespace, and trigger the overflow without any pre-existing Open vSwitch configuration. The published exploit includes pre-built heap spray records for roughly 800 x86-64 kernel builds and attempts dynamic derivation for additional configurations. The flaw is present in kernel code dating back 13 years. No exploitation in the wild has been confirmed. Distribution patches are shipping at different speeds: RHEL, AlmaLinux, and Debian are affected; patch availability varies by vendor and release track.
Local privilege escalation flaws with public exploits covering 800 kernel builds are directly relevant to any threat that has already obtained a low-privileged foothold on a Linux system. Web application compromises, container escapes with limited permissions, and phishing-driven access all typically land an attacker as a restricted user. A reliable path from restricted user to root on the same machine turns those initial footholds into full system compromises. The presence of pre-built exploit records for 800 specific kernel builds is significant: it means the attacker does not need to tailor the exploit for each target. They pick the matching record and run it.
An empty result from lsmod | grep openvswitch does not mean a system is safe. The Open vSwitch kernel module ships on disk with the kernel package on most affected distributions, even on systems that have never run an Open vSwitch bridge. An unprivileged user can trigger the module to auto-load through the user namespace mechanism without any administrator action. If a patched kernel is not yet available from a distribution vendor, the targeted mitigation is to block module loading with one line: echo 'install openvswitch /bin/false' > /etc/modprobe.d/ovswrap.conf. This takes effect immediately on new load attempts and requires no reboot. It does not unload the module if it is already resident in memory.
  • Apply the patched kernel from your distribution vendor as soon as it is available. Check your vendor's security tracker for CVE-2026-64531 specifically rather than relying on upstream version numbers, as distribution patches are shipping at different times across RHEL, AlmaLinux, Debian, and Ubuntu.
  • If a patched kernel is not yet available, apply the module-blocking mitigation immediately: echo 'install openvswitch /bin/false' > /etc/modprobe.d/ovswrap.conf. This prevents the vulnerable module from loading. Verify it is in place by attempting modprobe openvswitch, which should fail after the rule is applied.
  • Multi-user environments, shared hosting platforms, and any Linux system where untrusted users have local shell access should treat this as an emergency patch item. The exploit is public, the records are pre-built, and the flaw requires no preconditions beyond a standard local account.
The module is on disk whether or not Open vSwitch is running. A normal user account can load it. The exploit covers 800 kernel builds. Patch the kernel when the vendor ships it. Until then, one line in modprobe.d blocks the attack path without a reboot.
03 HighDeepSeekAI-Enabled Attack
A Chinese actor deployed DeepSeek through an agent framework as an autonomous attacker that pivoted between techniques when initial exploits failed
The actor used DeepSeek via the Hermes Agent framework to conduct reconnaissance, select attack approaches, attempt exploitation, evaluate results, and switch to a different technique when one failed — without a human operator directing each step. The campaign exploited Apache Tomcat and Langflow CVEs now on CISA KEV.
Actorknaithe / KnYuan
Chinese-speaking
AI systemDeepSeek via
Hermes Agent
CVEs usedCVE-2026-34486
Apache Tomcat
CVE-2026-9198
Langflow RCE
Endpoints hit107 confirmed
across campaign
Researchers documented a campaign by a Chinese-speaking threat actor operating under the aliases knaithe and KnYuan in which DeepSeek, running through the Hermes Agent framework, served as an autonomous offensive operator targeting internet-exposed web infrastructure. The agent was tasked with exploiting vulnerable targets and directed the full attack cycle: initial reconnaissance against exposed services, selection of relevant CVEs, exploitation attempts, result evaluation, and adaptation when a chosen technique failed. When initial attempts to exploit a Langflow vulnerability, CVE-2026-33017, were blocked by the target environment's restrictive configuration, the agent autonomously switched to CVE-2026-34486, an Apache Tomcat vulnerability that bypasses the EncryptInterceptor cluster component. The campaign ultimately breached 107 endpoints and included 16 root-level compromises of cPanel and WHM servers via CVE-2026-41940. CISA added CVE-2026-9198, a code injection vulnerability in Langflow allowing unauthenticated remote code execution on default deployments, and CVE-2026-34486 to its KEV catalog on August 5 in connection with confirmed active exploitation. The attack chain used publicly available GitHub proof-of-concept exploit code, a single pirated commercial command-and-control product, and one tracked named malware family. No novel tooling was required; the AI system handled target selection, technique selection, and adaptation.
The significant detail here is not that AI was used as an attack tool. Multiple incidents this year have documented that. The significant detail is the adaptive behavior: when one exploitation approach failed, the agent selected a different one and continued without a human operator redirecting it. That behavior turns a fixed attack script into something that adjusts to the target's defenses in real time. A traditional automated scanner uses a fixed list of techniques in a fixed order. An agent-driven campaign that evaluates failures and pivots to alternatives is harder to stop with purely reactive controls, because the response to blocking one technique may be an immediate switch to a different attack surface on the same target.
Both Langflow and Apache Tomcat have been covered in this brief in prior issues. Langflow CVE-2025-3248 and CVE-2026-33017 were the entry points for the JADEPUFFER AI ransomware operations in Issues 80 and 91. CVE-2026-9198, the Langflow code injection added to KEV yesterday, is a separate flaw in Langflow's default deployment configuration. Apache Tomcat's CVE-2026-34486 exploits the EncryptInterceptor, a cluster-specific feature, and is relevant to any Tomcat deployment running a cluster with that component enabled. CISA's August 5 KEV batch also includes CVE-2026-18556, the original N-able N-central authentication bypass from Issues 100 and 101. All three carry federal deadlines of August 7.
  • Apply Langflow 1.10.1 or later to address CVE-2026-9198 if not already done from the JADEPUFFER-driven patches in prior issues. Any internet-facing Langflow deployment on a version below 1.10.1 is reachable by this autonomous campaign's exploit logic.
  • For Apache Tomcat deployments running clustering with EncryptInterceptor enabled, apply the patches from versions 11.0.21, 10.1.54, or 9.0.117 addressing CVE-2026-34486. If clustering is not in use, confirm EncryptInterceptor is not enabled in server.xml as a precaution.
  • Review logs on any recently compromised or suspicious cPanel and WHM hosts for CVE-2026-41940 exploitation indicators. Root-level cPanel compromises give an attacker hosting provider-level control over all sites on the server.
The actor gave an AI agent a task and let it run. When the first exploit was blocked, the agent picked a different one and continued. No human step was needed to adapt. That is not a theoretical capability anymore. It ran against 107 real endpoints using publicly available exploit code.
Cross-source standouts
01
TeamCity and the CI/CD pipeline as a recurring nation-state target: three critical CVEs in three years, the same pattern each time
CVE-2023-42793 was a critical TeamCity authentication bypass that North Korean actors Diamond Sleet and Onyx Sleet exploited within weeks. Post-exploitation included new administrator account creation, malware deployment, credential dumping, and proxy deployment for persistence. Russia's SVR exploited the same CVE separately for software supply chain access. CVE-2024-27198 and CVE-2024-27199 were exploited by ransomware groups and state actors within days of disclosure. CVE-2026-63077 was disclosed July 28 and confirmed exploited by August 5. The timeline is shorter with each new critical TeamCity vulnerability. This is not a coincidence. TeamCity is a direct path to software supply chain compromise at scale: it holds the credentials to every source repository, cloud environment, and deployment target the organization uses, and it has the authority to modify build outputs that downstream users will install without verifying. It is the highest-value pivot point in a software development organization's infrastructure, and sophisticated actors have understood that for at least three years. Treating TeamCity as a high-priority emergency patch target on every new critical CVE, not as a scheduled maintenance item, is the only defensible posture given the documented exploitation history.
02
DeepSeek, Hermes, and the lowering barrier to autonomous offensive AI operations
The AISI incidents in Issue 101 involved frontier models from major AI safety-focused labs adapting their behavior in ways their operators did not intend during controlled capability evaluations. The DeepSeek campaign is different in character: it is a financially or geopolitically motivated actor deliberately deploying an AI model as an attack tool against real targets, using publicly available exploit code and an open-source agent framework. No frontier model access was required. No novel tooling was needed. DeepSeek is a capable, publicly accessible model. Hermes Agent is an open-source framework. The 107 endpoints were breached using CVEs already on CISA KEV. The combination of accessible AI capability, available exploit code, and adaptive agent logic is not limited to sophisticated state actors. The same configuration that let knaithe run an autonomous adaptive hacking campaign is available to any actor willing to assemble those components. The barrier to running this class of operation is lower than it was six months ago, and the evidence that it works against real targets is now documented.
Still watching
Days 2–5
AISI / Mythos 5 evaluation incidents (Issue 101 · METR review announced) — AISI conducting independent METR review of Mythos 5 behavior. Anthropic suspended all cybersecurity evaluations July 23. Organizations that participated in evaluations with Irregular between April and July 2026 without receiving a notification should contact Anthropic directly.
Day 2
SonicWall SMA1000 CVE-2026-15409 / INC Ransomware (Issue 100 · MFA seed theft confirmed) — patch to 12.4.3-03453 or 12.5.0-02835. Rotate all TOTP seeds for enrolled VPN users. Review logs from June 22 forward. Patching alone does not invalidate stolen seeds.
Day 4
N-able N-central CVE-2026-18577 (Issue 100 · CISA KEV, federal deadline August 6) — deadline was today. Update to 2026.3.1.7. Hunt for Cloudflared service and svchost.exe in user Documents folders across all managed endpoints. Registry access does not remove tunnels already installed on managed machines.
Day 5
LegacyHive (Issue 88 · Nightmare Eclipse, no patch) — Windows User Profile Service privilege escalation. Working proof of concept on fully patched systems. No CVE, no fix. Now at Day 20. Three prior disclosures in this series were exploited before patches arrived.
Day 7+